Biosynthetic Pathways of Hormones in Plants

Phytohormones exhibit a wide range of chemical structures, though they primarily originate from three key metabolic precursors: amino acids, isoprenoids, and lipids. Specific such as tryptophan, methionine, phenylalanine, arginine, contribute to the production various phytohormones, including auxins, melatonin, ethylene, salicylic acid, polyamines. Isoprenoids are foundation five phytohormone categories: cytokinins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, abscisic strigolactones. Furthermore, lipids, i.e., α-linolenic function precursor for jasmonic acid. The biosynthesis routes these different plant hormones intricately complex. Understanding processes can greatly enhance our knowledge how regulate growth, development, physiology. This review focuses on detailing biosynthetic pathways phytohormones.